First published 9/29/2026, 12:33:15 AM · Last updated 9/29/2026, 12:33:15 AM

Gender and School-Type Differential Item Functioning in the PISA 2025 Learning in the Digital World Domain: Evidence from Indonesia

A posted research item from the Center for Open Science (published 2026-09-28) reports analysis of differential item functioning by gender and school type in the PISA 2025 Learning in the Digital World domain using data from Indonesia. The source provided is a posted content entry with no additional methods or results included in the supplied record.

Categories: science-and-space

Generated scores

Scores are based on the cited reporting and use a 1–10 scale. Read the methodology.

Confidence: 2/10How certain the assessment is based on the clarity and evidence in the cited reporting.
Geographic reach: 4/10How widely the event reaches, from a local area (1) to worldwide impact (10).
Global importance: 3/10The event's broader significance, from limited importance (1) to major global importance (10).
Impact magnitude: 3/10The scale or severity of the real-world impact, from minor (1) to extreme (10).
Positivity: 5/10How harmful or beneficial the event is, from strongly harmful (1) to strongly positive (10).
Urgency: 2/10How time-sensitive the event is, from low urgency (1) to immediate attention needed (10).

Why it matters

Findings about differential item functioning could affect interpretation of PISA 2025 assessment results for Indonesia.

Location

Sources

Gender and School-Type Differential Item Functioning in the PISA 2025 Learning in the Digital World Domain: Evidence from Indonesia

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